Bacterial Respiratory Tract Infection

The difference between bacterial and viral infections is simple: bacterial infections are caused by bacteria (single-celled microorganisms), while viral infections are caused by viruses (smaller than bacteria and require a living host to multiply).

Many ailments and illnesses have similar symptoms whether they are viral or bacterial—the biggest difference between the two types of infections is that bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, while viral infections cannot.

Common symptoms of a bacterial respiratory infection may include:

• Persistent or worsening cough

• Thick mucus that is yellow, green, or blood-tinged

• Fever and chills

• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

• Chest pain, especially when coughing or breathing deeply

• Fatigue, weakness, or body aches

• Symptoms that worsen after initially improving

If a respiratory tract infection is suspected, your doctor may perform the following tests to provide the best diagnosis and treatment plan possible:

• Throat swab: your physician will take a sterile cotton swab and swipe it across the back of your throat. The swab will collect a sample of secretions that are being produced in the back of your throat. They will then be tested in a lab to determine whether you have a bacterial infection in your throat.

• Lateral neck x-ray: your doctor may order a lateral neck x-ray to rule out epiglottitis, especially if you’ve been having difficulty breathing.

• Chest x-ray: if pneumonia is suspected, your doctor may order a chest x-ray.

• CT scan: CT scans are often used to diagnose sinusitis.

When a bacterial respiratory tract infection occurs, your doctor will probably prescribe an antibiotic to clear the infection. To help alleviate symptoms and bring relief, many doctors suggest using:

• Cough suppressants

• Expectorants (medication that promotes the secretion of sputum/mucus)

• Vitamin C and zinc to reduce symptoms

• Steam inhalation

• Gargling salt water

• Pain relievers

Both viral and bacterial respiratory tract infections are contagious and spread from person to person through respiratory droplets emitted by coughing or sneezing. Transmission of these infections can also occur by touching the mouth or nose by hand, or by touching another object exposed to the virus or bacteria. The best ways to prevent the spread of a bacterial respiratory tract infection are:

• Avoiding close contact with sick people

• Wiping down objects: remotes, phones, doorknobs, surfaces, etc.

• Cover your mouth and nose (especially when coughing)

• Stay at home if you are sick