Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory condition in which clusters of immune cells (called granulomas) form in organs—most often the lungs and lymph nodes. These granulomas can interfere with normal organ function if they grow or persist over time.

The exact cause of sarcoidosis is unknown. It’s believed to result from an abnormal immune response to environmental triggers—such as infections, chemicals, or dust—in people who may be genetically predisposed.

Sarcoidosis can range from mild to serious. In many cases, it resolves without treatment. However, some patients develop chronic inflammation that can lead to lung scarring or affect other organs, making ongoing care important.

Symptoms vary depending on the organs involved but may include:

• Persistent dry cough

• Shortness of breath

• Chest pain

• Fatigue

• Skin rashes or bumps

• Eye irritation or vision problems

Some people may have no symptoms and are diagnosed through imaging tests.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of:

• Medical history and physical exam

• Chest X-ray or CT scan

• Pulmonary function tests

• Bloodwork

In some cases, a biopsy is needed to confirm the presence of granulomas.

To track disease progression and response to treatment, your provider may recommend:

• Lung function tests

• Imaging (X-rays or CT scans)

• Blood tests to assess inflammation

• Eye or heart evaluations if other organs are involved

Treatment depends on the severity and organs affected. Options may include:

• Observation for mild cases

• Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation

• Immunosuppressive medications for more advanced disease

Your care plan is tailored to manage symptoms and prevent long-term complications.

Yes, many cases of sarcoidosis resolve without treatment, especially in early stages. However, some people develop chronic or progressive disease, which is why regular monitoring is essential.

You should see a specialist if you:

• Have ongoing respiratory symptoms

• Have been diagnosed and need monitoring

• Experience worsening symptoms

• Have involvement beyond the lungs

Early evaluation by a pulmonologist helps ensure accurate diagnosis and the right treatment plan.